The action is part of an effort to revive an Internet child protection law that was struck down two years ago by the U.S. Supreme Court. The government wants search data from Google to find out how much pornography is showing up in search results.
According to court papers, Google refused to turn over the data last year after being issued a subpoena.
Google says turning over the information would violate the privacy rights of its users, and would reveal company trade secrets.