The conference, "From E-Government to I-Government: How Information Government Will Revolutionize The Public Sector," was a joint effort of the Dubai School of Government and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
The conference was held at the Jumeirah Beach Hotel in Dubai on May 23 and 24, 2005. Delegates and presenters represented the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Egypt, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom, and the U.S.
Armstrong's presentation, entitled "E-government Is an Outcome" suggests that E-government is the inevitable result when an organization combines information technology implementation with changes to organizational culture to become citizen-centered. A paper with the same title will be included in a forthcoming book of conference proceedings, to be published by Harvard University.