A functional MRI scanner attached to the study participants showed that the problem was that of concentration. People can’t multitask well. Neural activity showed reduced levels when security messages interrupted what the user was doing. For security professionals, this data presents a user interface and design opportunity.
"But you can mitigate this problem simply by finessing the timing of the warnings," Jeff Jenkins, lead author of the study appearing in Information Systems Research, told Phys.org. "Waiting to display a warning to when people are not busy doing something else increases their security behavior substantially."